THE IMPORTANCE OF CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES (CBMs) FOR SUSTAINABLE COOPERATION BETWEEN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES AND THEIR HOST COMMUNITIES: A CASE OF KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY AND MALETE COMMUNITY

Akeem Aderayo Saraki

Abstract


This paper basically investigates the importance of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) in generating an environment of trust for proper social relations and maintaining a peaceful atmosphere for sustainable cooperation between universities and their host communities. Experiences over the years have revealed a fluctuating peace and understanding between institutions of higher learning in Nigeria and their host communities with some conflict situations resulting to loss of lives and property. Various approaches have also been adopted to resolve such conflicts, and measures taken to prevent future occurrence. Therefore, through personal interviews and related published works of other researchers, as well asanalytical method, the paper identifies approaches to confidence building measures, and explicitly discusses the importance of confidence building measures in unifying Universities and their host communities, with a focus on Kwara State University (KWASU) and Malete Community. It further encourages the appreciation of the essence and effectiveness of confidence building measures in solving contemporary conflict issues as well as in facilitating sustainable cooperation and development. It conclusively recommends that through involvement and participation of the host community in the projects and activities of universities confidence building measures will be furthered and sustained.

Keywords


Confidence Building Measures, Conflict Prevention, Peaceful Co-existence, Sustainable Cooperation.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Amr Abdalla, et al. (2008). Africa Peace and Conflict Journal, University for Peace, Volume 1 Number 1 December 2008.

Asheim, G.B. (1994). Sustainability: Ethical Foundations and Economic Properties. Policy Research Working Paper 1302. The World Bank Policy Research Department Public Economics Division

Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. Science, New Series, Vol. 211, No. 4489. (Mar. 27, 1981), pp. 1390-1396.

Bazin, A.A. (2014). Trust: A decisive point in COIN operations. Infantry Online. Retrieved from https://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/2014/Jan-Mar/Bazin.html#:~:text=Simply%2C%20if%20the%20decisive%20point,context%20of%20the%20COIN%20fight.

Bolarinwa, J. O. (2006). Introduction to peace studies. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria.

Boutros-Ghali, B. (1996). An agenda for peace: preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peacekeeping. United Nations-New York.

Ebimaro, S. (2008). Third party intervention in conflict resolution. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria.

From confidence tricks to confidence building: Resolving conflict in the OSCE area. A discussion paper by the International Peace Institute (IPI), April, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full_Report_504.pdf

Hasna, A. M. (2007). Dimensions of sustainability. Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Development: Energy, Environment, and Health2 (1): 47–57.

Landau, D. & Landau, S. (1997). Confidence-building measures in mediation. Originally published in Mediation Quarterly: Fall, 1997. Retrieved from http://www.orgstrat.ca/articles/article5.html

List of interventions carried out by KWASU Centre for Community Development in different communities of Kwara State as at 3rd December, 2019. Retrieved from The Centre for Community Development, Kwara State University, Malete.

Maiese, M. (2003). Confidence-building measures. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/pages/michelle-maise

Oche, O. (2006). Introduction to conflict resolution processes I. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria.

Okeke, G. S. M. (2006). Introduction to conflict resolution processes II. Lagos: National Open University of Nigeria.

Priority challenges and agenda for conflict prevention and peacebuilding in Africa: All-Africa civil society action recommendations. A document prepared by the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC), in readiness for the UN-CSO Global Conference on Conflict Prevention held in New York from 19-22 July, 2005.

Samiksha, S. (2016). Social processes: The meaning, types, and characteristics of social processes. Retrieved from http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social- processes-the meaning-types-characteristics-of-social-processes/8545/

Swanstrom, N. P. and Wessmann, M. S. (2005). Conflict, conflict prevention, conflict management and beyond: A conceptual exploration. A Publication of Central Asian Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies Programme. Retrieved from www.silkroadstudies.org

Toppr.com. (2019). Which is the way adopted by human beings to fulfil their basic needs? Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/which-is-the-way-adopted-by-human-beings-to-fulfil-their-basic-needs/

Wittek, R. (2020).SCOOP Sustainable cooperation - Roadmaps to a Resilient Society. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/gmw/research/sustainable-society bss/?lang=en#:~:text=%E2%80%9CCooperation%20is%20sustainable%20if%20the,are%20exceptionally%20stable%20and%20productive.

Interviews

● Alhaji AbdulGafar Babaiwa, Male, Community Leader, Elemere, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Sunday, 29th January, 2019.

● Alhaji Muktar Adelaja, Male, Community Leader, Asomu, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Sunday, 11thAugust, 2019.

● Mrs.Asiata Balogun, Female, Trader, Balogun Compound, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Tuesday 12th May, 2020.

● Alhaji Musa Adelodun, Male, Students’ Affairs Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Friday 15th May, 2020.

● Mr. Lukman Oniyangi, Male, Male, Students’ Affairs Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria.Conducted on Friday 15th May, 2020.

● Mr. Ismaila Otukoko, Male, Department of History and Heritage Studies, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Tuesday14thJuly, 2020.

● Mr. AbdulWasiuEko, Male, Works Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Thursday 27th August, 2020 andThursday 3rd September, 2020.

● Mr. Akeem Jamiu, Male, Commercial Tricycle Driver/Malete Resident, KWASU Malete Campus, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Wednesday7th October, 2020.

● Miss. Maimunat Akanbi, Female, Student/Malete Resident, Department of Politics and Governance, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Thursday 19thNovember, 2020 and Thursday 26th November, 2020.

● Mr. Femi Oladele, Male, Student/Malete Resident, Department of Politics and Governance, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Thursday 26th November, 2020andMonday 30th November, 2020.

● Miss. NafisatSaheed, Female,Student/Malete Resident, Department of Civil Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Tuesday 1st December, 2020.

● Mr. MusaArogunmasa, Male, Student/Malete Resident, Department of Business Education, Kwara State University, Malete, Moro LGA, Kwara State of Nigeria. Conducted on Thursday 19thNovember, 2020 andThursday 26th November, 2020.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Akeem Aderayo Saraki

 

 

 

 ISSN (PRINT):    2734 - 2522

 ISSN (ONLINE):  2734 - 2514

 

 

 

   

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.