ADVERSE EFFECT OF FORMALIN ON FISHING PRACTICES AND HEALTH CHALLENGES IN NEMBE, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The decline of traditional fishing methods in Nembe Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, is closely linked to persistent oil spillages, prompting fishermen to adopt chemical-based alternatives such as formalin. Formalin, an aqueous solution of formaldehyde stabilized with methanol, is widely used in aquaculture for its disinfectant properties but poses serious risks to human health and the environment. This study investigates the physicochemical effects of formalin and its implications for public health through fish consumption. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 400 respondents via questionnaires and interviews. Hypotheses were tested using chi-square analysis. Findings reveal that formalin bioaccumulates in fish tissue, causing damage to the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, and central nervous system in humans. Despite these dangers, its use persists due to higher yields compared to traditional methods. Guided by the political economy framework, this study highlights the socio-economic drivers behind these harmful practices. The key recommendations are the soaking of suspected formalin-treated fish in lemon juice solution before cooking, as a potential mitigating measure. Community Action: Local communities should strengthen preventive strategies to eliminate formalin fishing and promote sustainable practices. Government Intervention: The Bayelsa State Government should procure formalin detection kits such as those used in India to monitor fish safety and enforce penalties against violators.